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Order of Alcántara
The Order of Alcántara ((スペイン語:Orden de Alcántara)), also called the Knights of St. Julian,〔''The Orders of knighthood, British and foreign'', Ed. Sourindro Mohun Tagore, (Catholic Orphan Press, 1884), 96.〕 was originally a military order of León, founded in 1166〔Vives, Jaime Vicens, ''Approaches to the History of Spain'', (University of California Press, 1967), 49.〕 and confirmed by Pope Alexander III in 1177.〔Prescott, William Hickling, ''History of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic, of Spain'', Vol.1, (Richard Bentley, 1838), 326.〕
==Alcántara==
Alcántara, is a town on the Tagus (which is here crossed by a bridge - ''cantara'' in Arabic, hence the name). The town is situated on the plain of Extremadura, a great field of conflict for the Muslims and Christians of Iberian Peninsula in the 12th century. Alcántara was first taken in 1167 by the King of León, Ferdinand II. In 1174 it fell again into the hands of Abu Yaqub Yusuf,〔''Fernando II, King of Leon'', Bernard F. Reilly, Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia, Ed. E. Michael Gerli, Samuel G. Armistead, (Taylor & Francis, 2003), 329.〕 the third of the African Almohades; and was not recovered until 1214, when it was taken by Alfonso IX of León.〔O'Callaghan, Joseph F., ''Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain'', (University of Pennsylvania, 2003), 75.〕
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